Does Hard Drive Speed effect computer speed ? | Parkdale Speed Test

Hey Guyz , today's my post is about Testing read and write speed of hard disk using Parkdale software.
Initially i used to think ,that the speed of our computer totally depends upon our processor because wherever we go like to  computer shops , they mostly discuss about processor,RAM ...but the hard disk topic always  go into darkness. 

                                            But the Hard disk play a major role in the computer speed.  So Higher the speed of the hard disk , faster it will boot, faster it will do its tasks. I am mainly discussing this topic because in enterprise world or in home also ,people think ,by fully changing the system they can make the system faster ,but it rather than changing whole system , we can make a single change to make system faster i.e  by changing to a faster hard drive .

                                              For this testing only , we got a software is parkdale speed test .The best thing about this software is it is portable,its just a exe file.So by just comparing the results of  your present hard drive speed and new hard drive speed ,you can take your decision.

Lets check how to do speed test in parkdale:

 1. First download the parkdale software from here : Click here 
 2 . Install your old hard disk and new hard disk and open parkdale EXE file .
 3. Now click on quick access tab and select your new hard disk of higher speed .see the screenshot below :

Here you have to set some options :

                                      

File size : File size is the size which hard disk take for its testing.here higher the value ,testing will be more accurate, i have taken 10MB , but recommended to take 1GB(which will take 5 min).

                                     

Block Size : 64 kB default for windows 

                         

4.Click Start.

So whenever you think about hard disk keep in mind two things 

                 

a. How fast the files can push or pull data.

                 

b. How fast is the individual transactions is taking place (for  database)

Here you have to see , IOPS-individual operations per second is about 11717  for writing  and 6544 for reading, higher the IOPS higher the speed.

now lets test for old hard disk of higher capacity and less speed. 

Now you can see the difference for sure ....it is almost five times faster .

So I think rather than concentrating more on processors like i 7 etc . You can also change the hard disk in order to increase your computer speed .

Last words :

        Hard disk speed has a greater contribution in the speed of computer.So rather than changing the processors which are quite costly ,you can change the hard disk of faster speed .You can see the greater difference by spending less amount.

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Difference|Switches and Hubs

Hey guys I am back with my new post.Today i want to discuss with you difference about the between A Switch and A HUB.
Although Physically they look similar to each other ,and do the same JOB , but practically they are different from each other.They are basically Core of the Network.

Normally, HUB's are Treated as a Dumb Device's whereas SWITCHES are having some brain power.
Initially we will discuss about HUB :

1.HUB is a splitter . It just splits the Ethernet signals to all the connected computer's.
2.In HUB's only one computer can talk with other computer at a time.

How it works :

Figure shown, is a hub,having Four ports.
Suppose computer at port 1 want to communicate with port 4, then what will hub do ??

In that case HUB, the Ethernet data will be received not only by port 4 computer but remaining computers at port 2 and port 3 also receives the same data.
That's why it is called as Splitter.
Generally these HUBS Detects the collision of Packets inside it.
Thus it consist of a Collision Detector.

Let us consider a case ,suppose computer at port 2  want to communicate with computer at port 3,in that case initially it sees any communication is going or not.If there is no communication,then packets will go to computer at port 3.
similar data will go to the remaining computer's also. Major drawback of it is ,it takes lots of Bandwidth.

If at the same time computer at port 4 want to communicate with computer at port 1 ,at that time packets collision will take place as shown in the figure.
As it is consist of collision detector,both computers at port 2 and port 4 hear the collision,and they will provide delay in sending the packets.
let, Computer at port 2 sends after  4 msec
Computer at port 4 sends after 9 msec.
But this delay is also a problem if number of devices increases.In this a case arises when all the devices talk at the same time ,which leads to more number of collision.So therefore whole Network will wait.
Thus this creates a whole mess,with HUB's.


SWITCHES:

A switch overcomes all the problems of a HUB.
In switch 50  computers can communicate at the same time,in case of HUB it will be mess.

How it works ??
Figure shown is a Switch having four ports.
suppose in a switch , if computer at Port 1 want to communicate with computer at port 4,then computer at 1 sends the packets ,it will go to all the ports including 2 and 3.But Computers at 2 and 3 say,It is not for us ,so they do not respond to it.
In switch ,Computer 1 come to know that it is at port 1 , and after packets being sent to port 4 computer(destination) ,it sends the acknowledgement to computer 1.
Next time when it sends the data , instead of sending to other computer it will directly send to computer 4.
This is because
1.Switch learns where all the computers are.
2.It creates a Road map.

Advantage of switches over HUB are :
Many computers can communicate at the same time,which is not possible in HUB.

Switches cares about MAC address of devices , to which it is communicating.With the help of MAC addresses it is able to find the destination of devices.

Last words :
Switches are better than HUB's in my opinion.Even now if you using HUB's, then just take that device and throw it in dustbin,because it is of no worth and Buy Good quality switch  like of CISCO or VERIZON.As data transfer mainly depends on these devices,thus Using Switches will make transmission fast and less use of Bandwidth. 

Also nowadays switches are available with two configurations  those are , Managed and Unmanaged Switches.
UnManaged switches:
1.Everything is automatic.
2.We cant do any changes in the switch.

Managed switches:
We can change the configuration of switch and can make speed and Qos better .We can also  change that into VLAN's.


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Relation|Bandwidth & Download speed

Hey Guys, Today i want to share something about Download speeds.
          Today's time has completely changed from Early 90's .Internet Speed has gone far beyond our expectations .Some say Highest Download speed is in Gbps.But in India ,still home version internet has to grow more :p.Till now i guess highest speed offer by the companies are like 30Mbps. Which is like heaven for the students like me.
          
          I was discussing all this because,we need to understand what ISP is offering and we are getting. Initially you have keep in mind that data is always transferred in bits(b).
          
          Bits are nothing but 1's and 0's.Collection of bits(b) is Bytes (B) and collection of Bytes are MegaBytes etc. So ISP always provides or shows their offers in bits but not Bytes.Because if they started showing their offers in bytes then no will buy those for sure .So before signing or fixing to a offer provided by ISP ,you have to do simple math in mind ,which i will be showing below.
             In today's world Our ISP's provide us with different different bandwidths. They say that they are providing

• 1Mbps for Rs 500
• 10Mbps for Rs 1000 etc 

Even they are saying that We are providing 1Mbps then why we are getting , only 125KBps??

Have You ever thought of this ?? if No, then todays post is all about that.

In Internet world we have to keep one thing in mind . this ,
                       b=bits
                       B=bytes
Here ,       Size of Data is represented in Bytes (B) &
                 Speed of Data is represented in bites (b) .

From , all this You might be getting an Idea What ISP's are doing , They are telling us speed in bits per second, not Bytes per second .
                     also ,     1 Byte = 8 bites

It means if they are providing us 1Mbps it means , We will get the download speed as,
                        
 Download speed = 1Mb/8
                                    =125kB

Thats why we are getting 125 kB as Download Speed.

Last Words:

The Confusion between bandwidth and download speed clearly explained and relation between bytes and bits tells us why we get download speed much more less than prescribed bandwidth.


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TCP/IP|How it works??

Hi friends , Today i am going to tell you in brief  "How TCP/IP works" ????
You might have heard or saw the word TCP/IP somewhere in your PC or Somewhere else.Actually its is the most Important protocol or we can say steps which plays vital role in providing INTERNET.

Lets begin the discussion of TCP /IP with its short Introduction.

Introduction :
First of all You have to Know what is TCP and IP stands for.
The full form of
TCP is Transmission Control protocol  and
 IP stands for Internet Protocol.

This means TCP/IP is a collection of two different protocols, which together help in transmission of data from one computer to other.

Brief History :
It is designed for large internetworks which was developed in 1969 by  U.S Department of defence (DoD) which was a result of resource sharing experiment called Advance research project agency network (ARPANET). since then ARPANET grown into a world wide  community of networks known as INTERNET.

How it works :
In the process of  transmission of data ,first protocol that come into existence  is Internet protocol .

• This protocol  mainly deals with ip address, subnet mask , etc.

The main work of IP protocol , is to find the device with  which we want to communicate by using ip address.

It just pings the the computer that it want to communicate.

Locating the the computer with which it want to communicate, is possible due to a presence another protocol, which is a part of tcp/ip and it is called ICMP ( internet control message protocol)

ICMP is the protocol which makes computer to talk to each other .
It involves echo request process.e.g 

Thus IP protocol tells how computers discover each other using IP address and talk to each other .

Once computers find each other , then TCP come into existence .

This protocol tells how ,data is transmitted between these two computers.

Here a concept called windowing will take care of data transmission.

Here at first whole data (like a document ) is divided into packets . You have to know that millions of packets makes a document .

In TCP without sending whole document it will send it in the form of packets.

You can see from fig as shown right hand side , initially sends only one packet and receives a acknowledgement that i 1st packet has been received.

second time it doubles its packets . like from one it becomes two , from two it becomes four , from four to eight packets and so on sends whole document  .

This is called Windowing .
windowing means , no of packets keeps on increasing i.e keep  on doubling after receiving acknowledgement from receiver computer.

If their is loss of packets then ???

While sending a document ,their might be a problem while transmitted ,like their may be a loss of packets .

suppose while transmitting 1024 packets (as packets get doubled every time , and 1024=2^10) , at  receiver computer out of 1024 if only  first two  packets has reached the end point, i.e let the number of first packet be 1 and second 2 .

Then receiver computer will send acknowledgement that last packet received was packet 2.

Then sender computer will send only packet number 3  alone  and receive acknowledgement that last packet received was packet 3.

After that  it get doubles i.e number of packets get doubled. In this way again by doubling the packets , a situation will be reached in terms of 2^n(packets) which completes the whole document.This is nothing but windowing concept come into picture  again.
we have seen windowing concept in our internet explorer, as we seen that in the green bar fills in different amount. sometimes it fills in more amount , sometimes it will be less.All this is Windowing.

At present we are using TCP/IP v 4 . As we can see IPv6 has also been introduced around 10 years back , but still it is better to use IPv4 , most of customers are using IPv4 , so it is impling demand is more , so we are not changing to ipv6.

Problem in IPv4 ??

 This IPv4 might cause a problem in real time  communication.

ALL this data transmission happens in the 4th layer of OSI model , that is Transport layer .

Last Words:
 How tcp/ip works in the transport layer is clearly explained  and how  the packets in this transport layer is transported using  windowing process.

Thats the brief explanation of  TCP/IP. Hope , you understood  what i have explained it here. 

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